The economic interdependence of the two countries also indicates a long-term geopolitical direction, which will gradually moderate as the United States gradually withdraws from its international leadership. This will have a significant impact on whether the economic sanctions against Russia will be lifted in the future. This is also an important reason why Germany was dissatisfied with NATO's strategy and demanded organizational reform after the end of the Cold War.

Since the 1970s during the whatsapp database Cold War, Germany (then West Germany) had adopted a reconciliation-biased "East Policy" (Ostpolitik) towards the Soviet Union and communist Europe, including East Germany. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the reunification of East and West Germany, Russia also adopted an active strategy of trade and economic cooperation, hoping to achieve economic interdependence to increase the economic interests of Germany and Russia, and reduce political conflicts until Russia launched the 21st century in 2014. The Crimean War, which made Germany aware of the

increase in economic interdependence, made the national security risk and threat even greater. On the other hand, although the economic sanctions imposed on Russia by Western countries have caused a sharp drop in the trade volume between Germany and Russia, Germany ignored the opposition of the United States and abandoned the old Ukrainian transmission line in the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline policy. Adhere to the construction of natural gas transmission lines that are beneficial to Russia. This also represents a mutually beneficial strategic direction between Germany and Russia. According to the 2018 poll, nearly 70% of Germans believe that cooperation with Russia should be strengthened, and less than 50% of Germans think that Russia is a dangerous neighbor (compared to 79% of Poland). Most people see Russia as an important strategic partner after the United States and France.